Pedro Conceição, Director, HDRO, UNDP - Keynote Speech
Plenary - Leaving No One Behind: Evaluation for 2030
Plenary - Transforming Evaluation for Transformative Development
Plenary - Architecture for Evaluation Effectiveness
Proceedings from the National Evaluation Capacities Conference 2019
The UNDP Independent Evaluation Office and Ministry of Planning, Monitoring and Administrative Reform of the Government of Egypt co-hosted the Sixth International Conference on National Evaluation Capacities (NEC) in Hurghada, Edypt, from 20 t0 24 October 2019. The theme of the conference was "Leaving No One Behind: Evaluation for 2030" and the event brought together more than 500 government representatives, evaluation practitioners and development professionals from 100 countries. This publication provides the proceedings from the conference along with papers submitted by participant countries. Download
H.E., Ms. Hala Helmy El Saeed, Ministry of Planning, Monitoring & Administrative Reform, Egypt (via video message)
Plenary 2 - Leaving No One Behind: Evaluation for 2030
This session will frame the key themes of the conference, beginning with a presentation of emerging findings of the forthcoming Human Development Report on inequalities, followed by a discussion of the implications for evaluation and ensuring that evaluations leave no one behind.
Mr. Pedro Conceição, Director, Human Development Report Office, UNDP
Panelist
Mr. Ahmed Kamaly, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Planning, Monitoring and Adminstrative Reform, Egypt
Mr. Juha Uitto, Director, Independent Evaluation Office, Global Environment Facility
Ms. Sukai Prom-Jackson, Chair and Inspector, Joint Inspection Unit of the United Nations
Mr. Indran Naidoo, Director, Independent Evaluation Office, UNDP
Session 1: Transforming Evaluation through Partnerships
This session will explore several partnerships between international organizations and national counterparts to transform evaluation in the context of the SDGs.
Moderator: Mr. Carlos Andres Asenjo Ruiz, Evaluation Officer (Evaluation Capacity Development), Independent Evaluation Section, UNODC
Speakers: Ms. Karen Rot-Mustermann, Ag. Evaluator General, Independent Development Evaluation, African Development Bank
Ms. Evelyn Naomi Mpagi Kaabule, President, African Parliamentarians Network on Development Evaluation, and Former Member of Parliament, Uganda
Mr. Kwabena Boakye, Acting Chief Director, Ministry of Monitoring & Evaluation, Ghana
Mr. El Hassan El Mansouri, Secretary General National Observatory of Human Development, Morocco
Mr. Abdelilah Baguare, Professor and Researcher, University Moulay Ismail, Master’s Programme in Public Policy Evaluation, Morocco
Mr. Mohssine Dounasi, Student, University Moulay Ismail, Master’s Programme in Public Policy Evaluation
Mr. Luca Molinas, Regional Evaluation Officer, Regional Bureau Cairo, United Nations World Food Programme
Mr. Moez Boubaker, Senior Advisor to the Minister of Education, Tunisia
Ms. Sheren Subhi Hamed, Dean, Princess Sarvath Community College, Jordan
Session 2: Evaluation and the SDGs
This session will explore experiences in preparing for and evaluating sustainable development strategies, with examples from Finland, Nigeria and Bangladesh.
Moderator: Mr. Arild Hauge, Deputy Director, Independent Evaluation Office, UNDP
Speakers: Ms. Ulla Järvelä-Seppinen, Development Policy Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland
Mr. Sami Pirkkala, Counsellor, Sustainable Development and the 2030 Agenda Strategy Department of the Prime Minister’s Office, Finland (via video-conference)
Mr. Lawal Zakari, PhD, Director, National Monitoring & Evaluation Department, Ministry of Budget & National Planning, Nigeria
Mr. Mohd. Monirul Islam, Deputy Secretary, Governance Innovation Unit, Prime Minister’s Office, Bangladesh
Session 3: Transforming Evaluation: Principles to ensure evaluation leaves no one behind
This panel will present feedback from the NEC pre-conference workshop convened by CLEAR-AA. It will propose guiding principles practitioners can use to ensure inclusion and equity in evaluation design and implementation. Each panel participant will discuss a specific principle arising from the workshop.
Moderators: Mr. Dugan Fraser, Director, Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results (CLEAR)
Ms. Aisha Ali, M&E Specialist, Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results (CLEAR)
Speakers: Participants from the pre-conference workshop
Session 4: Evaluation and the SDGs: Is Gender Being Left Behind?
In 2018, EvalGender+, UN Women with IIED and EvalSDGs jointly developed a research project that looked at the integration (or not) of gender-responsive evaluative evidence in Voluntary National Reviews (VNR). In parallel, UN Women has been collaborating with national governments in conducting gender-responsive evaluations of national gender equality policies, strategies and plans. This two-part session will (1) present the results of the 2018 and 2019 VNR analysis and the recommendations to strengthen gender evaluative evidence in VNRs and set the scene to (2) hear examples from government representatives on the collaboration with UN Women on gender-responsive evaluations of national gender policies and strategies. The panel will generate a discussion on how we can collectively advocate for more gender-responsive evaluations and targeted evaluations of national gender equality plans, policies and strategies at the country level as an avenue to support accountability for gender equality commitments in the implementation of the SDGs.
Moderator: Ms. Inga Sniukaite, Chief, UN Women Independent Evaluation
Service, UN Women Independent Evaluation and Audit Service
Segment 1: Gender Evaluation: A blind spot in SDG reporting
Ms. Florencia Tateossian, Evaluation Specialist, UN Women Independent
Evaluation Service, Independent Evaluation and Audit Service and
EvalGender+ Co-Chair
Discussant: Mr. Marco Segone, Director, Evaluation Office, UNFPA
Segment 2: Evaluations of National Gender Equality Policies and Plans: Case studies of Colombia and Serbia
Ms. Margaret Kakande, Head, Budget, Monitoring and Accountability Unit, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Uganda, and EvalGender+ African Evaluation Association Representative
Ms. Ljiljana Loncar, Adviser to the Deputy Prime Minister for Gender Equality, Government of Serbia
Ms. Lorena Trujillo, Coordinator of the Evaluation Group, Dirección Nacional
de Seguimiento y Evaluación de Politicas Publicas, Colombia
Discussant: Ms. Inga Sniukaite, Chief, UN Women Independent Evaluation Service, UN Women Independent Evaluation and Audit Service
Session 5: Tools for Progress in National Evaluation Systems: Experiences using the National Diagnostics Tool
The 2030 Agenda calls for a systematic follow-up and review of the implementation of the SDGs. Country-led evaluations constitute a key element in this process and strengthening national evaluation capacities assumes importance more than before. Responding to the demand for national evaluation capacities, the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) developed an Online Self-Assessment Tool for Diagnosing National Evaluation Strategy Options. The Tool is piloted in Nepal, Senegal, and Uganda. This session will share the experience of Senegal and Uganda, followed by a discussion on the use of the tool by government entities.
Speakers: Ms. Madina Hady Tall, Monitoring and Evaluation Expert, Bureau of Economic Forecasting, Senegal
Ms. Margaret Kakande, Head, Budget, Monitoring and Accountability Unit, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Uganda, and EvalGender+ African Evaluation Association Representative
Mr. Mayanja Gonzaga, Commissioner for Monitoring and Evaluation (Local Government), Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda
Session 6: Evaluating achievement of the SDGs: Lessons from partnering with the private sector
Accelerating the achievement of the SDGs will need increased partnership with the private sector. This panel will present evaluation lessons and experiences from working with the private sector to achieve the SDGs and will share approaches in evaluating private sector involvement with government. What have been the different evaluation approaches of Governments, Banks and the private sector themselves when evaluating the work of the private sector and their contribution to the SDGs? How does evaluation in and of the private sector differ from that undertaken in the public sector?
Moderator: Mr. Richard Jones, Evaluation Advisor, Independent Evaluation Office, UNDP
Speakers: Mr. Mohammed Alyami, PhD, Acting Director, Development Effectiveness Department, The Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector
Ms Lungiswa Zibi, Assistant Evaluation Specialist, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, Republic of South Africa
Mr. Raghavan Narayanan, Senior Evaluation Officer, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit, World Bank Group
Plenary 3: Transforming evaluation for transformative development – new Evaluation Criteria
Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact and Sustainability: these five evaluation criteria – first articulated by the OECD/DAC in 1991 – have become a core part of evaluation policy and practice. Over the past two years, the DAC Evaluation Network and the wider evaluation community have taken stock of experiences with applying the criteria and worked to adapt the criteria to support better evaluations for learning and accountability. This session will present the current thinking on the criteria, including emerging definitions and principles for use, with reflections and critiques from different perspectives.
Moderator:
Mr. Rahul Malhotra, Head of Division, Reviews, Results, Evaluation and Development Innovation, Development Co-operation Directorate, OECD
Ms. Bagele Chilisa, Professor, Post Graduate Research and Evaluation Program, University of Botswana, Botswana
Ms. Randa Hamza, Senior Advisor for Strategic Planning and Evaluation, Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation, Egypt
Mr. Per Øyvind Bastøe, Evaluation Director, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Norway
Session 7: Evaluation and the SDGs: Adapting to a changing climate
Successfully adapting to a changing climate is one of humanity’s most daunting challenges. The type and extent of threat varies widely and time horizons are fluid. This complexity poses a challenge for actors at all entry points: policy makers, disaster response agencies, private companies, aid organisations, community members, and evaluators. In this session we will discuss the recent evolution of global and national strategies and support for climate change adaptation, opportunities for private sector partnerships, and the crucial role of evaluation to draw lessons and recommend actions.
Moderator: Mr. Alan Fox, Section Chief, Corporate Evaluation, Independent Evaluation Office, UNDP
Speakers: Mr. Serdar Bayryyev, Senior Evaluation Officer, Evaluation Office,
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
Mr. Dustin S. Schinn, Regional Climate Change Specialist, SDG-Climate Facility Project, UNDP
Mr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan, Elneilain Insurance Company, Sudan
Discussants: Ms. Zénabou Segda, President, Women Environmental
Programme, Burkina Faso
Ms. Mashavu Omar, Commissioner for Monitoring and Evaluation, Zanzibar
Planning Commission, United Republic of Tanzania
Mr. Keiichi Muraoka, Director, ODA Evaluation Division, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan
Session 8: National evaluation systems in Latin America: challenges and lessons learned for other regions
This panel will focus on experiences of several Latin American countries: the construction, implementation, strengthening, and management of their national evaluation systems, the challenges faced, and the lessons learned. The session will also examine how the institutionalization process has been influenced by the 2030 Agenda and how countries have responded to this new global mandate. The participants will reflect on how the political system adapts to the uncertainty that evaluations provide, how follow-up systems work out for the implementation of recommendations and how to prevent evaluations from being only a requirement.
Moderator: Ms. Nataly Salas Rodríguez, Evaluator, Focelac Project, DEval, Costa Rica
Speakers: Ms. Carolina Zúñiga Zamora, Evaluation Analyst, Evaluation Unit, Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Mideplan), Costa Rica
Mr. Gonzalo Hernández Licona, Evaluation Specialist in the public sector, former Director of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Coneval), Mexico
Mr. Fernando Bucheli, Senior Evaluation Advisor, Public Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Area, National Planning Department (Sinergia), Colombia
Ms. Viviana María Lascano Castro, Director, Public Policy Evaluation of the Technical Secretariat of Planning (Senplades), Ecuador
Ms. Janett Salvador Martínez, Board Member, Latin America and the Caribbean Monitoring, Evaluation and Systematization Network (ReLAC)
Session 9: Transforming Evaluation for Transformative Development: Data and Methods Innovations
This session will begin with presentations on new tools to improve ground- truthed, evidence-based data, data access and behaviour-changing programming in Afghanistan, progress in SDG 16 measurement in Somalia, and using the Social Cohesion and Reconciliation Index (SCORE) to inform decision making and designing evidence-based policy and programmes for conflict transformation in Liberia, to inform a wider discussion with participants on other innovations that will help transform evaluation for 2030.
Moderator: Mr. Helge Rieper, Senior M&E Advisor, Rule of Law and Human Security Unit, UNDP, Afghanistan
Speakers: Mr. Kwanpadh Suddhi-Dhamakit, Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan (LOTFA) M&E Team Leader, UNDP, Afghanistan
Ms. Rose Foran, Technical Specialist SDG 16, UNDP, Somalia
Mr. Zakariye Harbi Ahmed, Head, Evaluation and Research Department, Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development, Somalia
Mr. Edward Mulbah, Liberia Peacebuilding Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Liberia
Session 10: Strengthening demand for and use of national evaluation systems to inform national development strategies
National evaluation policies and systems are important aspects of a strong evaluation culture. This session will promote a dialogue of parliamentarians and other stakeholders on the urgency of strengthening national evaluation policies and systems in the context of the 2030 Agenda and in line with the Colombo Declaration. The session will also highlight the importance of strengthening national enabling environments and to increasing the demand and use of evaluation.
Moderator: Ms. Ada Ocampo, Senior Evaluation Specialist, UNICEF
Presentation: Mr. Marco Segone, Director – Evaluation, UNFPA
Panelists: Ms. Evelyn Naomi Mpagi Kaabule, President, African
Parliamentarians Network on Development Evaluation, and Former Member
of Parliament, Uganda
M. Abdelilah El Halouti, 2ème vice-président de la Chambre des Conseillers,
Morocco
Mr. Asela Kalugampitiya, Secretariat, The Global Parliamentarians Forum for
Evaluation
Ms. Olfa Cherif, Member of Parliament, Tunisia
Ms. Josephine Watera, Head, Evaluation Unit, Parliament, Uganda
Session 11: Progress in National Evaluation Systems: Bridging country experiences
Evaluation is a powerful tool to build accountability and contribute to positive development change. This session will build bridges across continents to share experiences and lessons learned in strengthening evaluation and evaluation systems.
Speakers: Mr. Gamil Helmy, Assistant Minister for Monitoring Affairs, Ministry for Planning, Monitoring and Administrative Reform, Egypt
Ms. Milva Emilia Samudio, Evaluation Specialist, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama
Ms. Uyapo Mosarwa, Chief Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, National Strategy Office, Botswana
Session 12: Transforming Evaluation: New ways of looking at what works in policy interventions: Using geospatial data in evaluation
Increasing availability of new types of data strengthens geospatial research in different scientific fields and creates opportunities to better measure results and evaluate the impacts of development interventions. During this panel three presenters will discuss how geospatial data can help target the poor and inform impact evaluations.
Moderator: Mr. Juha Uitto, Director, Independent Evaluation Office, Global Environment Facility
Speakers: Mr. Jozef Leonardus (Jos) Vaessen, Methods Advisor, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank
Mr. Raphael Nawrotzki, Evaluator, DEval - German Institute for Development
Evaluation
Session 13: Strengthening National Evaluation Systems to Support the SDGs: Experiences from Asia-Pacific
This panel will focus on experiences in strengthening evaluation systems and capacities to support the 2030 Agenda in Asia-Pacific. It draws on a recent joint initiative by UNICEF and UNDP that reviewed systems and capacities across the region, highlighting emerging good practices and identifying lessons learned to help guide national evaluation capacity development. Participants from the region will reflect on their country perspectives in adapting evaluation systems for the SDG era, including by highlighting progress, challenges faced, and ideas for further strengthening approaches to help ensure that evaluation plays its critical role of better informing government decision-making.
Moderator: Mr. Scott Standley, Regional Economic Advisor, Bangkok Regional Hub, UNDP
Speakers: Ms. Kartika Yadav, Planning Officer, National Planning Commission, Nepal
Mr. Towfiqul Islam Khan, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue, Bangladesh
Mr. Xing Huaibin, Deputy Director General, Department of National Center for Science and Technology Evaluation, China
Ms. Gillian San San Aye, Social Policy Specialist (Policy Advocacy and Gender), UNICEF, Myanmar
Session 14: How can a new generation of evaluators transform evaluation?
In times where evaluators are called to contribute to transformative change, it is critical to sustain a supply of transformative evaluators. During this session, young and senior evaluation and communications professionals
will showcase the potential of including youth and emerging evaluators on evaluation teams. They will also discuss the role of communications to enhance the utility of evaluations.
Moderator: Ms. Mariana Branco, Evaluation Consultant, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank
Ms. Dariia Oharova, Representative of EvalYouth ECA, Ukraine
Mr. Rafael Hernandez, Economist, Technical Secretariat of Planning and Evaluation, Government of Yucatan, Mexico
Mr. Amos Menard, Senior Programme Manager, Center for Learning on Evaluation and Results (CLEAR), Francophone Africa
Ms. Ana Jovanovska, Advisor to the Deputy Prime Minister, Cabinet of the Deputy President in charge for economic affairs, North Macedonia
Session 15: Institutionalising equity through Government M&E systems
As African countries grapple to improve evidence-informed decision making through institutionalising the generation and use of evaluation findings, a number of questions arise around participation, voice and power. Benin, Uganda, and Ghana are at different stages of developing their government- wide M&E systems and have significant experience working with multiple stakeholders to achieve a political position driven by national development priorities. This panel will discuss the ways in which government M&E systems are currently working to institutionalise different aspects of equity within their national evaluation systems.
Moderator: Mr. Kwabena Boakye, Acting Chief Director, Ministry of Monitoring & Evaluation, Ghana
Speakers: Mr. Mayanja Gonzaga, Commissioner for Monitoring and Evaluation (Local Government), Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda
Mr. Abdoulaye Gounou, Office of Public Policy Evaluation and Government Action Analysis, Benin
Ms. Noqobo Nox Chitepo, Director: Evaluations, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South Africa
Plenary 4: Architecture for Evaluation Effectiveness
Key note speaker:
Mr. Indran Naidoo, Director, Independent Evaluation Office, UNDP
Moderator:
Mr. Marco Segone, Director, Evaluation Office, UNFPA
Speakers
Mr. El Hassan El Mansouri, General Secretary, National Observatory of Human Development, Morocco
Ms. Zorka Kordic, Deputy Secretary-General of the Government, Head of Department for Government Strategies, Secretariat-General of the Government of Montenegro
Ms. Violeta Corpus, Director IV, National Economic and Development Authority, Philippines
Session 16: Strengthening Evidence-Informed Decision Making at a Country Level: Challenges and Recommendations
Building monitoring and evaluation systems helps strengthen governance and maximize development results. By improving transparency, strengthening accountability, and building a performance culture within governments, evaluation can lead to better policymaking and public management. In this session, several countries will share their work to strengthen elements of their national monitoring and evaluation systems, followed by discussion with the audience on lessons learned and tips for moving forward.
Moderator: Mr. Jozef Leonardus (Jos) Vaessen, Methods Advisor, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank
Speakers: Ms. Yildiz Yapar, Strategy and Budget Expert, Presidency Strategy and Budget Office, Turkey
Mr. Balsama Heliarison Andriantseheno, General Coordinator, Programme of Reform for the Efficiency of the Administration, Madagascar
Ms. Aliona Ursoi, Deputy Head of the Policy Coordination Department, State Chancellery, Republic of Moldova
Mr. Boubacar Aw, Director, Center for Learning on Evaluation and Results (CLEAR), Francophone Africa
Mr. Amos Menard, Senior Programme Manager, Center for Learning on Evaluation and Results (CLEAR), Francophone Africa
Session 17: Making the case for country-led evaluations of the SDGs
This session will build a case for dynamic and inclusive country led-evaluations of the SDGs, with speakers from Government, development organizations as well as civil society. The session will highlight why is it important to evaluate the SDGs and how can we make the case for more countries to undertake dynamic and inclusive country led evaluations.
Moderator: Ms. Ada Ocampo, Senior Evaluation Specialist, UNICEF
Speakers: Mr. Abdoulaye Gounou, Chief - Bureau of Evaluation, the Presidency, Republic of Benin
Ms. Dorothy Lucks, EVALSDGs co-chair
Mr. Jared Ichwara, M&E Specialist, National Treasury and Planning, Kenya
Ms. Ulla Järvelä-Seppinen, Development Policy Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland
Session 18: Evaluation to Ensure No One Is Left Behind
This session will explore how evaluation plays an important role in ensuring no one is left behind, with examples ranging from the protection of migrants, inclusion of people living with disabilities, to reaching vulnerable children.
Speakers: Mr. Camilo Gudmalin, Under Secretary, Special Concerns, Department of Social Welfare and Development, Philippines
Ms. Elena Kukharevic, Deputy Chairperson, National Statistical Committee, Republic of Belarus
Ms. Caroline Makuvire, Deputy Director, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Office of the President and Cabinet, Zimbabwe
Mr. Bassirou Chitou, Morris Interactive, Saskatoon, Canada
Session 19: Evolution of National Evaluation Systems
Over the past decade there has been increasing institutionalization of national evaluation systems. We are now at a stage where these are starting to be reviewed, learn lessons and evolve. This session brings together global experience of evolving systems to reinforce their institutionalization, relate to the SDGs and bring in new voices.
Moderator: Mr. Stephen Porter, Evaluation Strategy Advisor, Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank
Speakers: Ms. Noqobo Nox Chitepo, Director: Evaluations, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South Africa
Ms. Malineo Seboholi, Chief Economic Planner (M&E), Ministry of Development Planning, Lesotho
Ms. Palesa Mashoai, Chief Economic Planner (M&E), Ministry of Development Planning, Lesotho
Mr. Tolibov Mustafo, Main Specialist on Economic Analysis and International Relations on Statistics, Agency on Statistics under the President of Republic of Tajikistan
Ms. Heba Gamal Eldin Mohamed, Assistant Professor, Institute of National Planning, Egypt
Session 20 : Les ODD et les systèmes nationaux d’évaluation
Cette session offrira aux participants francophones une occasion de partager leurs expériences en matière de renforcement des systèmes nationaux d’évaluation dans le contexte des ODD.
Moderator: M. Mamadou N’Daw, Evaluation Advisor, Regional Bureau for Africa, UNDP
Speakers: M. Lambert Somtigmeda Zongo, Chef de Département de la Transformation de l’Economie au SP-PNDES, Secrétariat permanent du Plan national de développement économique et social (SP-PNDES), Burkina Faso
M. Abdelfattah Hamadi, Directeur du Pôle des Systèmes d’Information, Observatoire National du Développement Humain, Maroc
Mme Anasthasie Ramadji, Economiste, Coordination Nationale du Suivi des ODD, Tchad
M. Jeireb Saleck, Directeur des Etudes, de la Coopération et du Suivi, Ministère des Affaires Sociales de l’Enfance et de la Famille, Mauritanie
Session 21: Local governance, evaluation and the SDGs
Sub-national governments have an important role to play in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and, as a corollary, in the evaluation of programmes and policies as they are implemented at the local level. This session will share examples and lessons learned in the development of monitoring and evaluation at the sub-national level.
Moderator: Ms. Angela Bester, Independent Evaluator, South Africa
Speakers: Mr. Ken Mike Ochieng Oluoch, Programme Officer, SDGs, Council of Governors Secretariat, Kenya
Mr. Robert Papa, Economic Advisor and Head of Service Delivery Unit, Country Government of Busia, Kenya
Mr. Rafael Hernandez, Economist, Technical Secretariat of Planning and Evaluation, Government of Yucatan, Mexico
Mr. Kingsley Uche Nwabuba, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Nigeria REDD+ Programme, Nigeria
Mr. Aman Ali Syed, Co-Founder, Pakistan Evaluation Association, Pakistan
Plenary 5: Conclusions and Closing Ceremony
This session will bring together the findings of the conference sessions to formulate answers to the question of what does “evaluation for 2030” look like and how does it ensure no one is left behind? The conference will then come to its close.